module Sequel::Model::InstanceMethods

  1. lib/sequel/model/base.rb

Sequel::Model instance methods that implement basic model functionality.

  • All of the model before/after/around hooks are implemented as instance methods that are called by Sequel when the appropriate action occurs. For example, when destroying a model object, Sequel will call around_destroy, which will call before_destroy, do the destroy, and then call after_destroy.

  • The following instance_methods all call the class method of the same name: columns, db, primary_key, db_schema.

  • The following accessor methods are defined via metaprogramming: raise_on_save_failure, raise_on_typecast_failure, require_modification, strict_param_setting, typecast_empty_string_to_nil, typecast_on_assignment, and use_transactions. The setter methods will change the setting for the instance, and the getter methods will check for an instance setting, then try the class setting if no instance setting has been set.

Public Instance Aliases

pk_equal? -> ===

If the receiver has a primary key value, returns true if the objects have the same class and primary key value. If the receiver’s primary key value is nil or is an array containing nil, returns false.

Artist[1].pk_equal?(Artist[1]) # => true
Artist.new.pk_equal?(Artist.new) # => false
Artist[1].set(name: 'Bob').pk_equal?(Artist[1]) # => true

Attributes

to_hash [R]

The hash of attribute values. Keys are symbols with the names of the underlying database columns. The returned hash is a reference to the receiver’s values hash, and modifying it will also modify the receiver’s values.

Artist.new(name: 'Bob').values # => {:name=>'Bob'}
Artist[1].values # => {:id=>1, :name=>'Jim', ...}
values [R]

The hash of attribute values. Keys are symbols with the names of the underlying database columns. The returned hash is a reference to the receiver’s values hash, and modifying it will also modify the receiver’s values.

Artist.new(name: 'Bob').values # => {:name=>'Bob'}
Artist[1].values # => {:id=>1, :name=>'Jim', ...}

Public Class methods

new(values = OPTS)

Creates new instance and passes the given values to set. If a block is given, yield the instance to the block.

Arguments:

values

should be a hash to pass to set.

Artist.new(name: 'Bob')

Artist.new do |a|
  a.name = 'Bob'
end
[show source]
     # File lib/sequel/model/base.rb
1099 def initialize(values = OPTS)
1100   @values = {}
1101   @new = true
1102   @modified = true
1103   initialize_set(values)
1104   _clear_changed_columns(:initialize)
1105   yield self if defined?(yield)
1106 end

Public Instance methods

==(obj)

Alias of eql?

[show source]
     # File lib/sequel/model/base.rb
1136 def ==(obj)
1137   eql?(obj)
1138 end
===(obj)

Case equality. By default, checks equality of the primary key value, see pk_equal?.

Artist[1] === Artist[1] # => true
Artist.new === Artist.new # => false
Artist[1].set(name: 'Bob') === Artist[1] # => true
[show source]
     # File lib/sequel/model/base.rb
1146 def ===(obj)
1147   case pkv = pk
1148   when nil
1149     return false
1150   when Array
1151     return false if pkv.any?(&:nil?)
1152   end
1153 
1154   (obj.class == model) && (obj.pk == pkv)
1155 end
[](column)

Returns value of the column’s attribute.

Artist[1][:id] #=> 1
[show source]
     # File lib/sequel/model/base.rb
1111 def [](column)
1112   @values[column]
1113 end
[]=(column, value)

Sets the value for the given column. If typecasting is enabled for this object, typecast the value based on the column’s type. If this is a new record or the typecasted value isn’t the same as the current value for the column, mark the column as changed.

a = Artist.new
a[:name] = 'Bob'
a.values #=> {:name=>'Bob'}
[show source]
     # File lib/sequel/model/base.rb
1123 def []=(column, value)
1124   # If it is new, it doesn't have a value yet, so we should
1125   # definitely set the new value.
1126   # If the column isn't in @values, we can't assume it is
1127   # NULL in the database, so assume it has changed.
1128   v = typecast_value(column, value)
1129   vals = @values
1130   if new? || !vals.include?(column) || v != (c = vals[column]) || v.class != c.class
1131     change_column_value(column, v)
1132   end
1133 end
autoincrementing_primary_key()

The autoincrementing primary key for this model object. Should be overridden if you have a composite primary key with one part of it being autoincrementing.

[show source]
     # File lib/sequel/model/base.rb
1178 def autoincrementing_primary_key
1179   primary_key
1180 end
cancel_action(msg=nil)

Cancel the current action. Should be called in before hooks to halt the processing of the action. If a msg argument is given and the model instance is configured to raise exceptions on failure, sets the message to use for the raised HookFailed exception.

[show source]
     # File lib/sequel/model/base.rb
1186 def cancel_action(msg=nil)
1187   raise_hook_failure(msg)
1188 end
changed_columns()

The columns that have been updated. This isn’t completely accurate, as it could contain columns whose values have not changed.

a = Artist[1]
a.changed_columns # => []
a.name = 'Bob'
a.changed_columns # => [:name]
[show source]
     # File lib/sequel/model/base.rb
1197 def changed_columns
1198   _changed_columns
1199 end
delete()

Deletes and returns self. Does not run destroy hooks. Look into using destroy instead.

Artist[1].delete # DELETE FROM artists WHERE (id = 1)
# => #<Artist {:id=>1, ...}>
[show source]
     # File lib/sequel/model/base.rb
1206 def delete
1207   raise Sequel::Error, "can't delete frozen object" if frozen?
1208   _delete
1209   self
1210 end
destroy(opts = OPTS)

Like delete but runs hooks before and after delete. Uses a transaction if use_transactions is true or if the :transaction option is given and true.

Artist[1].destroy # BEGIN; DELETE FROM artists WHERE (id = 1); COMMIT;
# => #<Artist {:id=>1, ...}>
[show source]
     # File lib/sequel/model/base.rb
1218 def destroy(opts = OPTS)
1219   raise Sequel::Error, "can't destroy frozen object" if frozen?
1220   checked_save_failure(opts){checked_transaction(opts){_destroy(opts)}}
1221 end
each(&block)

Iterates through all of the current values using each.

Album[1].each{|k, v| puts "#{k} => #{v}"}
# id => 1
# name => 'Bob'
[show source]
     # File lib/sequel/model/base.rb
1228 def each(&block)
1229   @values.each(&block)
1230 end
eql?(obj)

Compares model instances by values.

Artist[1] == Artist[1] # => true
Artist.new == Artist.new # => true
Artist[1].set(name: 'Bob') == Artist[1] # => false
[show source]
     # File lib/sequel/model/base.rb
1237 def eql?(obj)
1238   (obj.class == model) && (obj.values == @values)
1239 end
errors()

Returns the validation errors associated with this object. See Errors.

[show source]
     # File lib/sequel/model/base.rb
1243 def errors
1244   @errors ||= errors_class.new
1245 end
exists?()

Returns true when current instance exists, false otherwise. Generally an object that isn’t new will exist unless it has been deleted. Uses a database query to check for existence, unless the model object is new, in which case this is always false.

Artist[1].exists? # SELECT 1 AS one FROM artists WHERE (id = 1)
# => true
Artist.new.exists?
# => false
[show source]
     # File lib/sequel/model/base.rb
1260 def exists?
1261   new? ? false : !this.get(EXISTS_SELECT_).nil?
1262 end
extend(mod)

Ignore the model’s setter method cache when this instances extends a module, as the module may contain setter methods.

[show source]
     # File lib/sequel/model/base.rb
1266 def extend(mod)
1267   @singleton_setter_added = true
1268   super
1269 end
freeze()

Freeze the object in such a way that it is still usable but not modifiable. Once an object is frozen, you cannot modify it’s values, changed_columns, errors, or dataset.

[show source]
     # File lib/sequel/model/base.rb
1274 def freeze
1275   unless errors.frozen?
1276     validate
1277     errors.freeze
1278   end
1279   values.freeze
1280   _changed_columns.freeze
1281   this if !new? && model.primary_key
1282   super
1283 end
hash()

Value that should be unique for objects with the same class and pk (if pk is not nil), or the same class and values (if pk is nil).

Artist[1].hash == Artist[1].hash # true
Artist[1].set(name: 'Bob').hash == Artist[1].hash # true
Artist.new.hash == Artist.new.hash # true
Artist.new(name: 'Bob').hash == Artist.new.hash # false
[show source]
     # File lib/sequel/model/base.rb
1292 def hash
1293   case primary_key
1294   when Array
1295     [model, !pk.all? ? @values : pk].hash
1296   when Symbol
1297     [model, pk.nil? ? @values : pk].hash
1298   else
1299     [model, @values].hash
1300   end
1301 end
id()

Returns value for the :id attribute, even if the primary key is not id. To get the primary key value, use pk.

Artist[1].id # => 1
[show source]
     # File lib/sequel/model/base.rb
1307 def id
1308   @values[:id]
1309 end
inspect()

Returns a string representation of the model instance including the class name and values.

[show source]
     # File lib/sequel/model/base.rb
1313 def inspect
1314   "#<#{model.name} @values=#{inspect_values}>"
1315 end
keys()

Returns the keys in values. May not include all column names.

Artist.new.keys # => []
Artist.new(name: 'Bob').keys # => [:name]
Artist[1].keys # => [:id, :name]
[show source]
     # File lib/sequel/model/base.rb
1322 def keys
1323   @values.keys
1324 end
lock!(style=:update)

Refresh this record using for_update (by default, or the specified style when given) unless this is a new record. Returns self. This can be used to make sure no other process is updating the record at the same time.

If style is a string, it will be used directly. You should never pass a string to this method that is derived from user input, as that can lead to SQL injection.

A symbol may be used for database independent locking behavior, but all supported symbols have separate methods (e.g. for_update).

a = Artist[1]
Artist.db.transaction do
  a.lock!
  a.update(name: 'A')
end

a = Artist[2]
Artist.db.transaction do
  a.lock!('FOR NO KEY UPDATE')
  a.update(name: 'B')
end
[show source]
     # File lib/sequel/model/base.rb
1349 def lock!(style=:update)
1350   _refresh(this.lock_style(style)) unless new?
1351   self
1352 end
marshallable!()

Remove elements of the model object that make marshalling fail. Returns self.

a = Artist[1]
a.marshallable!
Marshal.dump(a)
[show source]
     # File lib/sequel/model/base.rb
1359 def marshallable!
1360   @this = nil
1361   self
1362 end
modified!(column=nil)

Explicitly mark the object as modified, so save_changes/update will run callbacks even if no columns have changed.

a = Artist[1]
a.save_changes # No callbacks run, as no changes
a.modified!
a.save_changes # Callbacks run, even though no changes made

If a column is given, specifically marked that column as modified, so that save_changes/update will include that column in the update. This should be used if you plan on mutating the column value instead of assigning a new column value:

a.modified!(:name)
a.name.gsub!(/[aeou]/, 'i')
[show source]
     # File lib/sequel/model/base.rb
1379 def modified!(column=nil)
1380   _add_changed_column(column) if column
1381   @modified = true
1382 end
modified?(column=nil)

Whether this object has been modified since last saved, used by save_changes to determine whether changes should be saved. New values are always considered modified.

a = Artist[1]
a.modified? # => false
a.set(name: 'Jim')
a.modified? # => true

If a column is given, specifically check if the given column has been modified:

a.modified?(:num_albums) # => false
a.num_albums = 10
a.modified?(:num_albums) # => true
[show source]
     # File lib/sequel/model/base.rb
1399 def modified?(column=nil)
1400   if column
1401     changed_columns.include?(column)
1402   else
1403     @modified || !changed_columns.empty?
1404   end
1405 end
new?()

Returns true if the current instance represents a new record.

Artist.new.new? # => true
Artist[1].new? # => false
[show source]
     # File lib/sequel/model/base.rb
1411 def new?
1412   defined?(@new) ? @new : (@new = false)
1413 end
pk()

Returns the primary key value identifying the model instance. Raises an Error if this model does not have a primary key. If the model has a composite primary key, returns an array of values.

Artist[1].pk # => 1
Artist[[1, 2]].pk # => [1, 2]
[show source]
     # File lib/sequel/model/base.rb
1421 def pk
1422   raise(Error, "No primary key is associated with this model") unless key = primary_key
1423   if key.is_a?(Array)
1424     vals = @values
1425     key.map{|k| vals[k]}
1426   else
1427     @values[key]
1428   end
1429 end
pk_hash()

Returns a hash mapping the receivers primary key column(s) to their values.

Artist[1].pk_hash # => {:id=>1}
Artist[[1, 2]].pk_hash # => {:id1=>1, :id2=>2}
[show source]
     # File lib/sequel/model/base.rb
1435 def pk_hash
1436   model.primary_key_hash(pk)
1437 end
qualified_pk_hash(qualifier=model.table_name)

Returns a hash mapping the receivers qualified primary key column(s) to their values.

Artist[1].qualified_pk_hash
# => {Sequel[:artists][:id]=>1}
Artist[[1, 2]].qualified_pk_hash
# => {Sequel[:artists][:id1]=>1, Sequel[:artists][:id2]=>2}
[show source]
     # File lib/sequel/model/base.rb
1445 def qualified_pk_hash(qualifier=model.table_name)
1446   model.qualified_primary_key_hash(pk, qualifier)
1447 end
refresh()

Reloads attributes from database and returns self. Also clears all changed_columns information. Raises an Error if the record no longer exists in the database.

a = Artist[1]
a.name = 'Jim'
a.refresh
a.name # => 'Bob'
[show source]
     # File lib/sequel/model/base.rb
1457 def refresh
1458   raise Sequel::Error, "can't refresh frozen object" if frozen?
1459   _refresh(this)
1460   self
1461 end
reload()

Alias of refresh, but not aliased directly to make overriding in a plugin easier.

[show source]
     # File lib/sequel/model/base.rb
1464 def reload
1465   refresh
1466 end
save(opts=OPTS)

Creates or updates the record, after making sure the record is valid and before hooks execute successfully. Fails if:

  • the record is not valid, or

  • before_save calls cancel_action, or

  • the record is new and before_create calls cancel_action, or

  • the record is not new and before_update calls cancel_action.

If save fails and either raise_on_save_failure or the :raise_on_failure option is true, it raises ValidationFailed or HookFailed. Otherwise it returns nil.

If it succeeds, it returns self.

Takes the following options:

:changed

save all changed columns, instead of all columns or the columns given

:columns

array of specific columns that should be saved.

:raise_on_failure

set to true or false to override the current raise_on_save_failure setting

:server

set the server/shard on the object before saving, and use that server/shard in any transaction.

:transaction

set to true or false to override the current use_transactions setting

:validate

set to false to skip validation

[show source]
     # File lib/sequel/model/base.rb
1493 def save(opts=OPTS)
1494   raise Sequel::Error, "can't save frozen object" if frozen?
1495   set_server(opts[:server]) if opts[:server] 
1496   unless _save_valid?(opts)
1497     raise(validation_failed_error) if raise_on_failure?(opts)
1498     return
1499   end
1500   checked_save_failure(opts){checked_transaction(opts){_save(opts)}}
1501 end
save_changes(opts=OPTS)

Saves only changed columns if the object has been modified. If the object has not been modified, returns nil. If unable to save, returns false unless raise_on_save_failure is true.

a = Artist[1]
a.save_changes # => nil
a.name = 'Jim'
a.save_changes # UPDATE artists SET name = 'Bob' WHERE (id = 1)
# => #<Artist {:id=>1, :name=>'Jim', ...}
[show source]
     # File lib/sequel/model/base.rb
1512 def save_changes(opts=OPTS)
1513   save(Hash[opts].merge!(:changed=>true)) || false if modified? 
1514 end
set(hash)

Updates the instance with the supplied values with support for virtual attributes, raising an exception if a value is used that doesn’t have a setter method (or ignoring it if strict_param_setting = false). Does not save the record.

artist.set(name: 'Jim')
artist.name # => 'Jim'
[show source]
     # File lib/sequel/model/base.rb
1523 def set(hash)
1524   set_restricted(hash, :default)
1525 end
set_fields(hash, fields, opts=nil)

For each of the fields in the given array fields, call the setter method with the value of that hash entry for the field. Returns self.

You can provide an options hash, with the following options currently respected:

:missing

Can be set to :skip to skip missing entries or :raise to raise an Error for missing entries. The default behavior is not to check for missing entries, in which case the default value is used. To be friendly with most web frameworks, the missing check will also check for the string version of the argument in the hash if given a symbol.

Examples:

artist.set_fields({name: 'Jim'}, [:name])
artist.name # => 'Jim'

artist.set_fields({hometown: 'LA'}, [:name])
artist.name # => nil
artist.hometown # => 'Sac'

artist.name # => 'Jim'
artist.set_fields({}, [:name], missing: :skip)
artist.name # => 'Jim'

artist.name # => 'Jim'
artist.set_fields({}, [:name], missing: :raise)
# Sequel::Error raised
[show source]
     # File lib/sequel/model/base.rb
1553 def set_fields(hash, fields, opts=nil)
1554   opts = if opts
1555     model.default_set_fields_options.merge(opts)
1556   else
1557     model.default_set_fields_options
1558   end
1559 
1560   case missing = opts[:missing]
1561   when :skip, :raise
1562     do_raise = true if missing == :raise
1563     fields.each do |f|
1564       if hash.has_key?(f) 
1565         set_column_value("#{f}=", hash[f])
1566       elsif f.is_a?(Symbol) && hash.has_key?(sf = f.to_s)
1567         set_column_value("#{sf}=", hash[sf])
1568       elsif do_raise
1569         raise(Sequel::Error, "missing field in hash: #{f.inspect} not in #{hash.inspect}")
1570       end
1571     end
1572   else
1573     fields.each{|f| set_column_value("#{f}=", hash[f])}
1574   end
1575   self
1576 end
set_server(s)

Set the shard that this object is tied to. Returns self.

[show source]
     # File lib/sequel/model/base.rb
1579 def set_server(s)
1580   @server = s
1581   @this = @this.server(s) if @this
1582   self
1583 end
singleton_method_added(meth)

Clear the setter_methods cache when a method is added

[show source]
     # File lib/sequel/model/base.rb
1586 def singleton_method_added(meth)
1587   @singleton_setter_added = true if meth.to_s.end_with?('=')
1588   super
1589 end
skip_validation_on_next_save!()

Skip all validation of the object on the next call to save, including the running of validation hooks. This is designed for and should only be used in cases where valid? is called before saving and the validate: false option cannot be passed to save.

[show source]
     # File lib/sequel/model/base.rb
1596 def skip_validation_on_next_save!
1597   @skip_validation_on_next_save = true
1598 end
this()

Returns (naked) dataset that should return only this instance.

Artist[1].this
# SELECT * FROM artists WHERE (id = 1) LIMIT 1
[show source]
     # File lib/sequel/model/base.rb
1604 def this
1605   return @this if @this
1606   raise Error, "No dataset for model #{model}" unless ds = model.instance_dataset
1607   @this = use_server(ds.where(pk_hash))
1608 end
update(hash)

Runs set with the passed hash and then runs save_changes.

artist.update(name: 'Jim') # UPDATE artists SET name = 'Jim' WHERE (id = 1)
[show source]
     # File lib/sequel/model/base.rb
1613 def update(hash)
1614   update_restricted(hash, :default)
1615 end
update_fields(hash, fields, opts=nil)

Update the instance’s values by calling set_fields with the arguments, then calls save_changes.

artist.update_fields({name: 'Jim'}, [:name])
# UPDATE artists SET name = 'Jim' WHERE (id = 1)

artist.update_fields({hometown: 'LA'}, [:name])
# UPDATE artists SET name = NULL WHERE (id = 1)
[show source]
     # File lib/sequel/model/base.rb
1625 def update_fields(hash, fields, opts=nil)
1626   set_fields(hash, fields, opts)
1627   save_changes
1628 end
valid?(opts = OPTS)

Validates the object and returns true if no errors are reported.

artist.set(name: 'Valid').valid? # => true
artist.set(name: 'Invalid').valid? # => false
artist.errors.full_messages # => ['name cannot be Invalid']
[show source]
     # File lib/sequel/model/base.rb
1644 def valid?(opts = OPTS)
1645   _valid?(opts)
1646 rescue HookFailed
1647   false
1648 end
validate()

Validates the object. If the object is invalid, errors should be added to the errors attribute. By default, does nothing, as all models are valid by default. See the “Model Validations” guide. for details about validation. Should not be called directly by user code, call valid? instead to check if an object is valid.

[show source]
     # File lib/sequel/model/base.rb
1636 def validate
1637 end